| 1857 | Asia • India
| The Indian Mutiny |
| 1858 | North America • Mexico | Civil War starts in Mexico and Benito Juárez (1806–1872) is elected president. |
| 1859 | Europe | The Austro-Sardinian War is fought between the French under Napoleon III and the Kingdom of Sardinia under Victor Emmanuel II on the one side and the Austro-Hungarian Empire on the other. The campaigns and battles (Montebello 20 May, Palestro 30 May, Magenta 4 June and Solferino 21 June) are photographed by Luigi Sacchi and Béraldy amongst others. |
| 1861 | North America • USA
| Fort Sumter in Charleston is fired on by Confederate guns commencing the hostilities of the American Civil War (1861-1865). The fort surrenders after 33 hours of shelling and miraculously nobody on either side was killed or seriously injured. (12 April 1861) [Read about] |
| 1861 | North America • Mexico | French forces are defeated in Mexico at the Battle of Peubla. |
| 1861 | Africa • West Africa | British establish a colony at Lagos in west Africa |
| 1861 | Europe • Italy | Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy brought about by the Risorgimento. |
| 1864 | Europe • Denmark | Prussian and Austrian forces attack Denmark. |
| 1865 | North America • USA
| President Abraham Lincoln is assassinated in the Ford Theater in Washington by John Wilkes Booth. (14 April 1865) |
| 1866 | Europe | The Austro-Prussian War leads to Austria breaking away from the German states and the establishment of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1867. |
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