1857 | Asia • India
| The Indian Mutiny |
1858 | North America • Mexico | Civil War starts in Mexico and Benito Juárez (1806–1872) is elected president. |
1859 | Europe | The Austro-Sardinian War is fought between the French under Napoleon III and the Kingdom of Sardinia under Victor Emmanuel II on the one side and the Austro-Hungarian Empire on the other. The campaigns and battles (Montebello 20 May, Palestro 30 May, Magenta 4 June and Solferino 21 June) are photographed by Luigi Sacchi and Béraldy amongst others. |
1861 | North America • USA
| Fort Sumter in Charleston is fired on by Confederate guns commencing the hostilities of the American Civil War (1861-1865). The fort surrenders after 33 hours of shelling and miraculously nobody on either side was killed or seriously injured. (12 April 1861) [Read about] |
1861 | North America • Mexico | French forces are defeated in Mexico at the Battle of Peubla. |
1861 | Africa • West Africa | British establish a colony at Lagos in west Africa |
1861 | Europe • Italy | Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy brought about by the Risorgimento. |
1864 | Europe • Denmark | Prussian and Austrian forces attack Denmark. |
1865 | North America • USA
| President Abraham Lincoln is assassinated in the Ford Theater in Washington by John Wilkes Booth. (14 April 1865) |
1866 | Europe | The Austro-Prussian War leads to Austria breaking away from the German states and the establishment of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1867. |
1867 | North America • Mexico | Emperor Maximillan I is executed by firing squad in Mexico. This event was immortalized in the paintings of Édouard Manet (1832–1883). |
1867 | Europe | Austro-Hungarian Empire established |
1869 | Middle East • Egypt
| The Suez Canal opens for traffic. |
1871 | Europe • France
| Paris Commune (18 March 1871) [Read about] Title | Lightbox | Checklist |
1871 | Europe | German Empire established |