B.L. Singley 1900 (ca) Chinese Criminals in the Viceroy's Yamen, now used as a jail, Tien-Tsin, China
Photograph Private collection of John Quin The prisoners who appear to be Boxers (anti imperialist rebels) are wearing Cangue (a type of yoke) this was primarily a means of humiliation or corporal punishment though it was also used in torture and execution.
