The following table has been reproduced from Roger Balm’s essay, "Expeditionary Art: An Appraisal" (Geographical Review, October 2000) and is included here to provide a starting point for the analysis of the objectives of pictorial recording for expeditionary artists in the nineteenth century.
 
Expeditionary Fields of Inquiry Objectives, Artists’ Subjects and Pictorial Information
 

Physical environment	Cultural environment
Expeditionary objectives
Mapping and navigation   Resource inventory and exploitation   Territorial acquisition   Surveillance   Military deployment   Documentation, collection and classification of specimens	Contact and communication   Territorial acquisition   Surveillance   Military deployment   Survey of the cultural landscape   Documentation, collection and classification of specimens
Artists' studies
Inland and coastal topography and landmarks   Marine conditions   Climatic conditions   Water sources and waterways   Geological outcroppings   Vegetation   Fossil remains of flora, fauna and invertebrates	People   Buildings   Patterns of resource use   Artefacts, including archaeological remains and antiquities
Pictorial information
Record of physical environmental features   Reference point of assessing change in the physical landscape   Taxonomic record   Expedition modus operandi and record of reaction to conditions	Record of cultural environmental features   Record of sequent occupancy   Record of skills and practices   Pictorial reconstruction   Reference point of assessing change in the cultural landscape   Expedition modus operandi