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| 1880 | North America - USA | George Eastman introduces Roll film for cameras. | 1880 | North America - USA Steven Henry Horgan, 1928, A Scene in Shantytown, New York, Halftone, Getty Images, | The first half-tone photograph is published in a newspaper, the New York Daily Graphic, it depicts a dilapidated shantytown. | 1881 | North America - USA 1881, 24 September, Scientific American, Magazine illustration, Stereoviews: Stereoviews and Fine 19th & 20th Century Antique Photographs, | In a rather macabre experiment the US Army blows the head off a mule to test if a 10 by 12 gelatino-bromide instantaneous Eastman dry plate can capture the explosion. It does and the official report appears in Annual Report of the Secretary of War for the Year 1882 (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1882), vol. II, part 1, p. 448. | 1882 | Europe - France Étienne Jules Marey, 1882, The photographic gun [Le Fusil photographique], Engraving, Creative Commons - Wikipedia, | French physiologist Étienne Jules Marey invents the chronophotographic gun, a camera shaped like a rifle that records twelve successive photographs per second. | 1884 | Europe - Great Britain | Henry Peach Robinson publishes Picture Making by Photography (London: Piper & Carter). This work goes through multiple editions and influences a generation of photographers in the creation of allegorical photographs of sugary sentimentality. | 1884 | North America - USA B.D. Jackson, 1884, February, Cincinnati Flood, Smith Street, Looking South February 1884, Albumen print, Jeffrey Kraus Antique Photographics, | The largest flood in 19th century America occurs when Ohio River rises 71.1 feet causing devastation and submerging parts of Cincinnati. The event is photographed by B.D. Jackson, J. Landy and others. | 1886 | Europe - Great Britain Peter Henry Emerson, 1886, Gathering Water Lilies, Platinum print, J. Paul Getty Museum, | Peter Henry Emerson publishes Life and Landscape on the Norfolk Broads. | 1886 | Europe - France Paul Nadar, 1886, 8 September, The First Photographic Interview, Newspaper page, Stockholms Auktionsverk, | Paul Nadar and Felix Tournachon carried out one of the first photo-interviews of the chemist M.E. Chevreul on his hundredth birthday and thirteen of the photographs were published in Le Journal Illustré on 5th September. | 1887 | Global | Celluloid film becomes available | 1887 | North America - USA | James Fairchild issued a US patent for "Apparatus for aerial photography". This used a clock mechanism to operate the shutter of a camera supported by a kite or a balloon. | 1888 | North America - USA Unidentified photographer / artist, n.d., Kodak No 1 camera, Source requested, | Kodak No.1 box camera is marketed by George Eastman (Eastman Dry Plate and Film Co.) and popular amateur photography begins. | 1888 | North America - USA | Frederick Ives announces the invention of the crossline halftone screen. The halftone allows the mass reproduction of photographs in newspapers and magazines. Ives failed to patent the process and made no financial reward from his labors. | 1888 | North America - USA | George Eastman patents his camera (U.S. patent No, 388,850). | 1889 | Europe - Great Britain Peter Henry Emerson, 1889, 8 June, Book review for P.H. Emerson "Naturalistic Photography" (New York: E. & F. Spon), Book review, Google Books, | Peter Henry Emerson publishes Naturalistic Photography for students of the art. (London, Sampson Low & Co.) that proposes photography should go outside the confines of the studio to record the natural world in an artistic style. His work on the everyday life in the Norfolk Broads in eastern England clearly shows his approach. | 1889 | North America - USA George Barker, 1889, The Johnstown Calamity. Searching for bodies and clearing the wreck (Detail), Stereocard, Jefferson Stereoptics, | The Johnstown Flood kills over 2,209 people in southwestern Pennsylvania when the South Fork Dam bursts. George Barker was one of those who photographed the aftermath. | 1889 | Europe - Italy | First issue of the Bullettino della Società Fotografica Italiana and it continues until December 1914. | 1890 | North America - USA Jacob A. Riis, 1890, Book cover for Jacob August Riis "How the Other Half Lives: Studies Among the Tenements of New York" by Jacob A. Riis (Charles Schribners Publishers, 1890), Book cover, Private collection of Edward Grazda, | Jacob Riis publishes How the Other Half Lives on the New York slums one of the first books of social commentary backed with photographic evidence. It includes seventeen halftone photographs and a further nineteen hand drawings based upon photographs. | 1890 | Europe - Great Britain | Peter Henry Emerson publishes his bitter The death of Naturalistic Photography that argues that photography is a "very limited art" and repudiates his earlier work. | 1890 | North America - USA | Illustrated American, the first picture magazine planned to use photographs, goes to press made possible by perfection of the halftone printing process. | 1891 | Europe Gabriel Lippmann, n.d., Autoportrait, Color glass plate (Lippmann process), Musée de l'Elysée, | Professor Gabriel Lippmann introduces a color process but it never achieves popularity due to its complexity. | 1892 | Europe - Great Britain | George Davison and Alfred Maskell found the Linked Ring Brotherhood in Great Britain. The fifteen original members are Bernard Alfieri, Tom Bright, Arthur Burchett (1875-1913), Henry Hay Cameron (1856-1911, son of Julia Margaret Cameron), Lyonel Clark, Francis Cobb, George Davison, Henry E. Davis, Alfred Horsley Hinton (1863-1906), Alfred Maskell, Henry Peach Robinson (1830-1901) and his son Ralph Winwood Robinson (1862-1942), Francis Seyton Scott, Henry Van der Weyde and William Willis (1841-1923). | 1893 | Europe - Great Britain | The Photographic Salon is the first show of the Linked Ring Brotherhood founded in Great Britain. | 1893 | Europe - Germany | The first exhibition of photography held at the Hamburg Kunsthalle organized by the director Prof. Alfred Lichtwark. | 1893 | Europe - Great Britain | The Stereoscopic Society is founded. | 1893 | North America - USA | Cornele B. Adams issued a patent for "Method of Photogrammetry" which used two aerial photographs of the same locality taken from a tethered balloon. | 1894 | Europe - France Unidentified photographer / artist, 1894, Première Exposition d'Art Photographique: Paris 1894: Photo-Club De Paris 40, rue des Mathurins, 40, [Photo-Club de Paris / 1894], Title page - Letterpress: (L'Imprimerie Chaix), Photoseed, | The Photo-Club of Paris ('le Photo Club de Paris') holds its first exhibition Première exposition d'art photographique. | 1895 | Europe - France Lumière Brothers, 1935, 9 November, MM. Auguste and Louis Lumiere in 1895 at the times of the beginning of the cinema and 40 years later in 1935, MM. Auguste and Louis Lumiere photographed in the same pose., [L'Illustration (No 4836, 93rd year), p.299 bis], Magazine page, Private collection of Nadia Valla, | The Lumière Brothers , Auguste (1862-1954) and Louis (1864-1948), hold the first public demonstration of moving pictures at the Grand Cafe on the Boulevard des Capucines in Paris with their Cinematograph. | 1895 | Europe - Germany Wilhelm Konrad Röntgen, 1896, 23 January, X-ray picture of the hand of Alfred von Kolliker, X-ray, Source requested, | Professor Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen , Professor of Physics and Vice Chancellor of the University of Würzburg, discovers rays that pass through seemingly solid objects, these are later called x-rays. | 1895 | Europe - France R. Gayant, 1895, Le Rouet, [Photo-Club de Paris / 1895, Pl. XXXI bis], Photogravure, Antiq-Photo, | The Photo-Club of Paris ('le Photo Club de Paris') holds its second exhibition Deuxième Exposition d'Art Photographique. | 1895 | Europe - UK 1895, Title page for "the Photographic Salon" London (1895), [The Photographic Salon - 1895 (London)], Photoseed, | The Photographic Salon in London holds its third salon but it is the first where a deluxe publication is issued. Walter L. Colls, a master printer and member of The Linked Ring Brotherhood, prints the 20 photogravures. In October 1897 the first issue of Camera Notes is published by The New York Camera Club with Alfred Stieglitz as editor and it praises the portfolio as "one of which not only the Salon and Mr. Colls, but photography itself may be proud." | 1896 | Europe - Austria | The Clover Leaf ('Das Kleeblatt' or 'Trifolium') is founded in Vienna (Austria). | 1896 | Europe - France Edme Couty, 1896, Lithograph: from reduced lithographic mural poster (detail), [Photo-Club de Paris / 1896], Lithograph, Photoseed, | The Photo-Club of Paris ('le Photo Club de Paris') holds its third exhibition Troisième Exposition d'Art Photographique. | 1897 | Europe - Great Britain John Collier, 1895 (ca), J.B. Stone, President of the Birmingham Photographic Society, Birmingham Central Library, | John Benjamin Stone founds the National Photographic Record Association to preserve the folklore and customs of England. | 1897 | Europe - France 1897, Advertising the "Salon de Photographie" IV Année (1897), [Photo-Club de Paris / 1897], Poster / Lithographic print, Private collection, | The Photo-Club of Paris ('le Photo Club de Paris') holds its fourth exhibition Quatrième Année Salon de Photographie. | 1897 | Europe - Austria 1897, Cover Design: Die Kunst in der Photographie (1897-1903), [Die Kunst in der Photographie], Cover design, Photoseed, | Franz Goerke (1856-1931) edits and publishes Die Kunst in der Photographie. This is the first year of this seminal publication. | 1897 | North America - USA Alfred Stieglitz, 1893 (taken), 1897 (print), Winter on Fifth Avenue, [Picturesque Bits of New York and Other Studies], Photogravure, Lee Gallery, | Alfred Stieglitz publishes Picturesque Bits of New York and Other Studies. | 1898 | North America - USA | Reverend Hannibal Goodwin (1822-1900) is granted a patent (U.S. 610,861) for "photographic pellicle and process of producing same ... especially in connection with roller cameras" in simple terms celluloid photographic film. |